Electric-arc lamp.



No. 743,240. PATENTED NOV. '3, 1903.

H. BREMER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP".

APPLICATION IILBD JULY 16, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

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Patented November 3, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

HUGO BREMER, OF NEHEIh/I, GERMANY.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 743,240, datedNovember 3, 1903.

' Application 51st July 16,1902. Serial No. 115,774. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HUGO BREMER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,residing at Nehein1-on-the-Ruhr,Westphalia, in the Einpire of Germany,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric-Arc Lamps, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electric-arc lamps, and has for its object toprovide an improved arrangement for striking the arc and regulating thefeed.

According to my invention the positive and negative carbons are arrangedto be fed simultaneously, the movement being dependent upon the rotationof a toothed wheel which engages with a correspondingly-toothed sector,the position of which relatively to the wheel is governed by aregulating-electromagnet or by the differential action of twoelectromagnets.

' The invention is particularly applicable to lamps in which bothcarbons point in the downward direction, being inclined toward oneanother, in which case both carbon-holders are connected to one end of aflexible cord which passes over a pulley connected with the axle of thetoothed wheel aforementioned, the other end of the cord being connectedwith a counterweight. Where the invention is applied to lamps in whichthe positive and negative carbons are in alinement, the holders of thetwo carbons will be connected to opposite ends of the flexible cord in awellknown manner.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side View of an arc-lamphaving carbons inclined to one another and both pointing downward, withregulating and feeding apparatus constructed in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is a side view taken at right angles to the firstfigure, parts of the lamp being removed in order to more clearly showthe construction.

Referring now to Fig, 1, the carbons are shown at 1 2, their lower endsextending down through suitable orifices in metal pieces 3 4, mounted onthe base-plate 5, being suitably insulated from said base-plate. Theupper ends of the carbons are clamped in carbon-holders 6 7, adapted toslide freely on guide-rods 8 9, which are secured to the parts 3 4, andthe upper plate 10 of the lamp being of course suitably insulated fromthese parts. The carbon-holders are each provided with a pair ofguide-pulleys 11, between which passes a rod 12, adapted to move in aVertical direction parallel to itself, being suitably guided by acentral rod 13. The crossrod 12 is divided into two parts properlyinsulated from each other and from the central rod, and its middle pointis connected to one end of the flexible cord 14, the other end of whichis attached to acounterweight15, also sliding on the vertical rod 16.The flexible cord 14 passes at the top over a pulley 17, which isfriotionally mounted on the axle 18 of the toothed wheel 19, this axlebeing supported in suitable bearings 20 in the upper part of the lamp.Above the toothed wheel is a second axle 21, carrying a toothed segment22, adapted to engage with the wheel 19, and secured to the axle 21 isan arm 23, carrying atits end suitably-shaped cores 24 25, correspondingto the electromagnets 26 27, respectively. Of these the magnet 26 isjoined as a shunt to the arc and the magnet 27 is connected in serieswith the arc. The axle 21 is provided with a counterweight 28 and aspring 29, which tends to maintain the parts in the position showninFig. 2 of the drawings.

Carried on its axle 18 and fixed to the pulley 17 is a heavy ily-wheel80, the inertia of which causes it to act as a retarding device andprevents the movement of the pulley 17 from taking place too suddenly.

The operation of the lamp is as follows: The lamp is first adjusted byraising and lowering the-counterweight 15 until the carbonpoints areseparated to approximately the length of the are required, the segment22 being in the position shown in Fig. 2 of the drawingsthat is to say,in engagement with the wheel l9-and the arm 23 is approximatelyvertical. This adjustment can readily be made by reason of thefrictional connection between. the pulley 17 and the axle 18. Whencurrent is turned on, the shunt- 001126, being energized, attracts themagnetic core 24 and, through the arm 23 and axle 21, rotates thetoothed segment 22 until it becomes disengaged from the spur-wheel 19,

whereupon the carbons descend until their lower points come intocontact, the counterweight being of course so proportioned as to permitthis to take place. As soon as the carbons come into contact theshunt-coil 26 is deenergized and the series coil 27 is energized,whereupon the core is attracted and the axle 21 is rotated in thereverse direction until the toothed segment 22 engages with thewheellt), rotating the same until the carbon-points are separated,thereby striking the are. As the carbons are consumed and the arcincreases in length the current in the shunt-coil 26 increases and thecore 24: is raised until the toothed segment 22 becomes disengaged fromthe spur-wheel 19, whereupon the pulley 17is permitted to rotate and thecarbons feed together again; but as soon as the arc is brought to itsnormal length and the resistance is decreased the shunt-current isreduced and the toothed segment 22 again engages with the spur-wheel 19and stops its further movement.

I have found that when the lamp is properly adjusted and working underordinary conditions of supply the spur-wheel 19 to tates tooth by toothas the carbons feed and a very gradual and satisfactory regulation isobtained.

"With inclined carbons pointing downward and furnished with inclinedguides, as above described, it will be clear that owing to thecarbon-holders being connected at the rod 12 each carbon will be fed thesame distance, and therefore they must be arranged to burn at the samerate. The are is preferably located within a reflector. Then if onecarbon happens to consume at a slower rate than the other it willproject below the edge of the reflector, and thereby burn away, owing toits being in an atmosphere richer in oxygen than the atmosphere withinthe reflector, until it becomes the same length as the other carbon. Thesame result can be obtained with unequally-burning carbons by pr vidingmetal radiating-sleeves 31, through which the carbon-points project. Thepoint of the quickerburning carbon will then approach nearer to itssleeve, and its heat being thereby reduced it will not burn awaysoquickly as it otherwise would. In lieu of sleeves a mass of metal may beplaced in proximity to the lower ends of the carbon with a similareffect.

It sometimes happens with electrodes in which there is a considerablepercentage of mineral salts mixed with the carbon that a slag is formednear the points, which when the carbons come together prevents thepassage of the current, and thereby prevents the are being struck. Inorder to obviate this inconvenience, I may provide a lever 32, pivotedat 33 to the lower plate of the lamp, the inner end of said lever beingadapted to make contact with the negative carbon when the lever is inthe position shown in full lines in the drawings. The other end of saidlever is connected with the armature 3a of a series -segment 22 engagingwith the wheel 19.

magnet 85. As long as said magnet is energized its armature is attractedand the lever is moved into the position shown in dotted lines in thedrawings. WVhen, however, the arc is broken and the series magnet 35becomes deenergized, its armature being released, the lever moves to theposition shown in full lines in the drawings, in which it makes contactwith the negative carbon 1. The lever is itself attached to the positivepole of the circuit, as shown. Hence when it touches the negative carbona short circuit is established, the magnet 35 is energized, and thelever is thereupon moved to the position shown in dotted lines in thedrawings, an are being struck between the lever and the negative carbon.This are as the lever moves away will impinge on the positive carbon,and thereby an arc will be set up between the two carbons, whereupon thelamp will operate in the usual manner. In lieu of using anelectromagnetic arrangement for moving the lever 32 I may operate thesame manually by means of a cord, as indicated at 36.

In place of a lever which is connected to one pole of the circuit andmakes contact with that electrode which is connected to the opposite,pole of the circuit I may employ a lever which in its operative positionmakes contact with both carbons, its withdrawal causing theestablishment of an are directly between the carbons. In view of thefact, however, that sometimes the carbons are not exactly the samelength I prefer the arrangement first described.

When the invention is applied to a lamp .in which the carbons are inalinement, each carbon is guided in a vertical direction in a well-knownmanner, and the flexible cord 14; has one end connected to the uppercarbon and the other end connected to the lower carbon, so that rotationof the pulley 17 and spur-wheel 19 in the one direction separates thecarbons and in the other direction causes the carbons to approach.

In a modification of the invention I dispense with the series-wound coil27, in which case the weight of the core 24: when the shuntcoil 26 iswholly or partially deenergized will cause the axle 21 to rotate in sucha direction as to strike the are by means of the toothed The weightedarm may be secured to the axle 21, if necessary, to assist in thisprocess. The feeding of the lamp in this case by variation of thecurrent passing through the shunt-coil acting on its magnetic core willbe readily understood without further description.

What I claim is- 1. In an arc-lamp the combination of the carbons,holders therefor,a flexible cord connected to said holders, a pulleyround which said core passes, a heavy fiy-wheel secured to said pulley,a toothed wheel coaxial with said pulley and connected thereto, atoothed sector adapted to be engaged with and disengaged from saidtoothed wheel and electromagnetic means for determining the position ofsaid sector in accordance with the state of the arc.

2. In an arc-lamp the combination of downwardly-pointing and inclinedcarbons, carbon-holders therefor, guide-pulleys in said carbon-holders,a cross-piece passing between the guide-pulleys in each carbon-holder soas to have sliding connection therewith, and a flexible cord connectingsaid cross-piece with the regulating mechanism of the lamp.

3. In an arc-lamp the combination of downwardly-pointing and inclinedcarbons, a flexible cord one end of which is connected to the upper endsof said carbons and the other end of which is connected to acounterweight a pulley round which said cord passes, a toothed wheelcoaxial with said pulley and connected thereto, a toothed sector adaptedto be engaged with and disengaged from said toothed wheel, andelectromagnetic means for determining the position of said sector inaccordance with the state of the arc.

4. In an arc-lamp the combination of downwardly pointing carbons, carbonholders therefor, a flexible cord connected to the said holders, apulley round which said cord passes, a toothed wheel coaxial with thesaid pulley and connected thereto, and a toothed sector adapted to beengaged with and dis engaged from the toothed wheel, the position ofsaid sector being determined by the difierential action of shunt andseries electromagnets in accordance with the state of the arc.

5. In an arc-lamp, the combination with downwardly-pointing electrodes,of means for arresting the too-rapid consumption of either of theelectrodes, such means consisting of masses of metal in proximity to theelectrodepoints.

6. In an arc-lamp, the combination with downwardly-pointin g electrodes,of means for securing an approximately even burning of the same, suchmeans consisting of metal sleeves surrounding the electrodes inproximity to their points.

7. In an arc-lamp, the combination with downwardly-pointing electrodesand a re flector surrounding the electrode-points, of means for securinga practically even burning of the electrodes, such means consisting ofmetal sleeves surrounding the points thereof.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this th day ofJune, 1902.

HUGO BREMER.

Witnesses:

A. A. BERGIN, WALTER J. SKERTEN.

